Onion
Onion (Allium
cepa) is one of the most important commercial vegetables. It is
grown in western, northern as well as in southern India. Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
and Bihar are major onion-growing states in India.
Climate and soil
Onion is a cool season crop. However, it can be
grown under a wide range of climatic conditions. It grows well under mild
climate without extreme heat or cold or excessive rainfall. In areas where
average annual rainfall exceeds 75–100cm in the monsoon periods, it can be
grown only as a summer crop.
The ideal temperature requirement of the onion
crop is 12.8°–21°C before bulbing and 15.5°–25°C for bulb development. Very low
temperature in the early stages favours bolting, whereas a sudden rise in
temperature favours early maturity in rabi, resulting in small-sized
bulbs.
Onion can be grown on all types of soils.
However, deep friable loam and alluvial soils are best for its successful
production. Free drainage, freedom from weeds and presence of organic matter
favour production of good crop. It cannot be grown in alkaline or lowlying
marshy lands. The optimum pH is 5.8–6.5.
Varieties
A number of varieties have been developed in
India. Onion varieties can be broadly classified into 2 groups—common onion and
multiplier onion. Common onion can be further grouped into 3 sub-groups based
on colour of skin—red, yellow and white. Salient features of various onion
varieties are given in Table
1.
Table 1. Salient features of various onion varieties developed in
India
|
Variety
|
Salient
features
|
Zone/area
for which released
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
|
Agrifound Dark Red
|
Bulbs globular, 4-6cm across.
Maturity 95-110 DAT. Average yield 300q/ha.Recoommended for kharif
season.
|
All zones
|
|
Agrifound Light Red
|
Bulbs globular, 4-6cm size.
Maturity 160-165 days. Average yield 300-325q/ha.Recommended for rabi
season.
|
All zones
|
|
Agrifound Red
|
Average size of clusters is
7.15cm.Maturity 65-67 days. Average yield 180-200q/ha.
|
All multiplieronion-growing areas
|
|
Agrifound Rose
|
A pickling type variety. Bulbs
2.5-3.5cm,Maturity 95-110 days. Average yield 190-200q/ha.
|
Kolar and Bangalore(Karnataka) and
Cuddapa (Andhra Pradesh)
|
|
Arka Bindu
|
Bulb size 2.5-3.5cm. Maturity 100
days.Average yield 250q/ha. Recommended for rabi season.
|
Karnataka
|
|
Arka Kalyan
|
Bulbs 4-6cm across. Maturity
100-110 DAT. Average yield 335q/ha.Recommended for kharif season.
|
Zones VI, VIIand VIII
|
|
Arka Niketan
|
Bulbs globular, 4-6cm across.
Maturity 145 DAT. Average yield 340q/ha.Recommended for rabi season.
|
Zones VII andVIII
|
|
Arka Pragati
|
Maturity 140-145 days. Average
yield 200q/haRecommended for rabi and kharif seasons.
|
Whole country
|
|
Baswant 780
|
Maturity 100-110 days. Average
yield 200-250q/ha. Recommended for kharif season.
|
Maharashtra
|
|
Brown Spanish
|
Bulb size 2-3.5cm. Average yield
250-300q/haMaturity 130-140 days. Long day type.
|
For upperHimalayan zone
|
|
Co 1
|
Medium-tall plants, 7-8 bulblets/plant.Maturity
90 days. Average yield 100q/ha.
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Co 2
|
Medium-tall plants, 7-9
bulblets/plant.Maturity 65 days. Average yield 120q/ha.
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Co 3
|
Taller than Co 1 and Co 2, 8-10
bulblets/plant.Maturity 65 days. Average yield 160q/ha.
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Co 4
|
8-10 bulblets/plant. Maturity
60-65 days.Average yield 180q/ha. Moderately resistant to thrips
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Early Grano
|
Bulbs 7-8cm in size. Maturity
95-110 daysAverage yield 500-600q/ha. Good for salad.
|
All zones
|
|
Hisar II
|
Maturity 165 days. Average yield
200-500q/ha Recommended for rabi season.
|
Haryana and Punjab
|
|
Kalyanpur Red Round
|
Maturity 140-145 days, Average
yield 250-300q/ha. Recommended for rabi season.
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
|
MDU 1
|
10-11 bulblets/plant. Maturity
60-75 days. Average yield 150q/ha. Tolerant to lodging.
|
Northern partsof Tamil Nadu
|
|
N-2-4-1
|
Bulb diameter 4-6cm.Maturity
140-145 days after transplanting Average yield 250-300q/ha.Recommended for rabi
season.
|
Zones IV, VI and VII
|
|
N 53
|
Maturity 140 days. Average yield
250-300q/haRecommended for kharif season.
|
All zones
|
|
N-257-9-1
|
Maturity 140 days. Average yield
300q/ha.Suitable for rabi cultivation and dehydration.
|
Zone VI
|
|
Punjab 48 (S 48)
|
Average yield 250-300q/ha.
Maturity 140 days.Suitable for dehydration.
|
Sub-humid plains ofSutlej-Ganga
|
|
Pusa Madhavi
|
Medium to large sized bulbs.
Maturity 130-135 DAT. Average yield 300-350q/ha. Recommended for rabi
season.
|
Indo-Gangeticplains
|
|
Punjab Red Round
|
Medium to large sized bulbs.
Early-maturing variety. Average yield 300q/ha. Recommended for rabi
season.
|
Punjab
|
|
Punjab Selection
|
Plant height 55-65cm, bulbs of
5-6cm diameter, weighing 50-70g. Average yield 200q/ha. Recommended for rabi
season.
|
Zones IV, VII and VIII
|
|
Pusa Ratnar
|
Plant height 30cm. Maturity 125
days after transplanting.Average yield 400q/ha. Recom-mended for rabi
season.
|
Zones IV and VII
|
|
Pusa Red
|
Plant height 30cm. Bulbs
medium-sized, flat toglobular. Maturity 140-145 days after transplanting.
Average yield 250-300q/ha.Recommended for rabi season.
|
Zones IV, VII, and VIII
|
|
Pusa White Flat
|
Medium to large bulbs. Maturity
120-130 days.Average yield 300q/ha. Recommended for rabi season.
Suitable for dehydration.
|
Zones IV, VI andVII
|
|
Pusa White Round
|
Maturity 125-130 days. Average
yield 300q/ha.Recommended for rabi season. Suitable for dehydration.
|
Zones IV, VI andVII
|
|
Udaipur 101
|
Maturity 150-160 days. Average
yield 200-300q/ha. Recommended for rabi cultivation.
|
Rajasthan and adjoining states
|
|
Udaipur 102
|
Bulbs 4.5-6.5cm in size. Maturity
120 DAT. Average yield 300-350q/ha. Suitable for rabiseason and
dehydration.
|
Rajasthan
|
|
Udaipur 103
|
Maturity 150-160 days. Average
yield 250-300q/ha. Recommended for rabi season.
|
Rajasthan and adjoining states
|
|
VL 3
|
Plant height 50--70cm. Average
yield 250q/ha Maturity 145 days. Recommended for rabi season.
|
Western Himalyan region
|
DAT, days after transplanting.
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